地域サロン参加による高齢者の自尊感情に影響を及ぼす要因

Abstract

背景 高齢者は、身体機能の低下や社会的役割の喪失から、自尊感情を低下させる傾向にある。この自尊感情の維持は、高齢者の生活の質を維持していくための重要な要素である。生活の質を維持するために市町村事業として展開されている介護予防活動は、虚弱高齢者を対象としながらも、健康な高齢者の参加がほとんどであった。一方で小地域単位でのサロン活動は、高齢者が徒歩で行ける範囲にあること、顔見知りの人が多く、人との交流が生みやすいことなどの利点がある。この点から、今後は小地域単位での虚弱高齢者を対象とした予防活動に拠点が置かれていくのではないかと考えられる。目的 小地域活動である地域サロンにおける参加高齢者の自尊感情に影響する要因を把握することである。方法 A県内3町の地域サロン開催日に、参加した高齢者に対し、日常生活動作能力測定(立ち上がり歩行能力・手腕作業能力・身辺作業能力・握力・長座体前屈)および質問票を用いて調査を行った。対象者57名の平均年齢は、78.4±6.2(mean±S.D.)歳、最高年齢92歳であった。結果 自尊感情得点と生活満足度得点間には、有意な関係がみられた(p<0.01)。自尊感情に影響を及ぼす要因としては、群間に有意な差が見られたのは主観的健康観であった(p<0.05)。日常生活の活発さや加齢現象、家庭での役割においては、有意な差がなかった。生活能力においては、長座体前屈が大きいほど自尊感情も高い傾向を認めた。また、世帯別の自尊感情得点は、一人暮らしの群が他の群よりも低く、夫婦世帯が最も高かった。結論 自尊感情の向上が生活の質を高めることにつながることが、今回の研究においても明らかになった。また、高齢者自身が健康であると感じるほど自尊感情得点が高く、高齢者自身が認める健康観が影響を及ぼしている。健康観に影響する要因の一つには、生活能力の維持が重要な要素と考えられるものの、今回は生活能力と自尊感情得点の間に有意な関係を見いだせなかった。また、視力や聴力等の加齢現象と自尊感情得点との間にも有意な関係を認めなかった。サロン参加頻度においては、有意な関係が見られなかったが、参加頻度の高い群に自尊感情得点が高い傾向が見られることは、サロンにおける何らかの要因が影響しているものと思われる。サロンにおける内容と自尊感情との関係を検討していくことも今後の課題である。

Background The elderly people shows the tendency to decrease the self-esteem from the decrease in bodily functions and the losses of the social role. The maintenance of this self-esteem is an important element to maintain the quality of the life of the elderly people. In the nursing prevention activity developed as a cities business to maintain the qualify of life, though a frail elderly people was targeted most of the participation was the healthy elderly people. On the other hand, the salon activity has advantages. It is a reason that the place of the salon is in the range to which the elderly people can walk to the place, and the elderly people are easy to have a lot of exchanges with the person. From this respect, we consider that a preventive activity intended for a frail elderly people develop in small region. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the factors related to self-esteem of elderly people participated in the service that took place in a neighborhood hall. Method Objects were 57 old men who lived at three town in Shiga prefecture. The average age of the applicable person was 78.4±6.2 (mean±S.D.) age. The highest age was 92 years old. This examination was proceeded in the date for service. The content of examination was as follows: the ADL (Activities of Daily Living) level (tests of functional fitness developed by Oida et al and Yanagibori et al, grip strength, sit and reach) and the questions related health status, habitual life style, role of daily life, satisfaction in daily life and self-esteem. Result The significant difference between the self-esteem and the life satisfaction was found (p<0.01). The factors which influenced self-esteem were a view of subjective health (p<0.05). In the activity of the daily life, phenomen of aging and role of daily life, the significant difference between group wasn,t found. Sit and reach test in ADL level was the significant difference (p<0.05). Self-esteem score of the group living alone was lower than other groups, and it of the group a married couple household was the highest. Conclusion This study suggested that the improvement of self-esteem was connected with enhancing the quality of the life. And self-esteem score of old people that feel to be good health was the hightest. The maintenance of the life ability was important as one of the factors which influenced health. But, relations between the life ability and self-esteem score couldn't be found. And, relations between aging phenomena and self-esteem score weren't recognized. Relations between participation frequency for the neighborhood hall service and self-esteem score weren't recognized. But because for high group of the participation frequency, self-esteem score showed a high tend ency, we thought that some factors in the neighborhood hall service have an influence self-esteem. As next assignment, we have to examine relations with the contents in the service of a neighborhood hall.